Journal: Addiction Biology

Article Title: PACAP Signalling Network in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Regulates Reinstatement Behaviour in Rat

doi: 10.1111/adb.70090

Figure Lengend Snippet: PACAP signalling in the NAcc. (A) Western blots of NAcc punch lysates confirming the presence of PACAP receptor (PAC1R), with specificity validated using a synthetic blocking peptide. (B) Quantification of endogenous PACAP levels in the NAcc extracellular lysate by microdialysis (176.70 ± 53.27 pM, mean ± SEM). (C) Diagram illustrating retrograde tracing, highlighting the neural pathway from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the NAcc. (D) Confocal image (10×) of the NAc injection site showing the spread of fluorescently conjugated cholera toxin subunit B (CTb 594) labelling (magenta) and cell nuclei stained with DAPI (blue), with the anterior commissure (aca) as an anatomical landmark. (E) Brain section highlighting prefrontal cortical regions with detailed anatomical labelling, including motor areas (M1 and M2), orbital cortices (MO, VO and LO) and agranular insular regions (AIV and AID). The inset (40 × composite) shows PACAP mRNA expression (green), CTb‐labelled projection neurons (magenta), nuclear DAPI staining (blue) and a merged image highlighting colocalization (yellow arrows). Abbreviations: OB (olfactory bulb), Cm (cerebellum), PrL (prelimbic cortex), Cg1 (cingulate cortex area 1), Fr3 (frontal cortex, Area 3).

Article Snippet: Peptide‐recovery microdialysis probes (Eicom Atmos system, San Diego, CA, USA) with pressure‐cancelling ports and high‐molecular‐weight permeable membranes were inserted into the cannulas and perfused with dialysis buffer (1 μL/min) for 2 h. The probes were perfused with a dialysis buffer (153.5‐mM NaCl, 4.3‐mM KCl, 0.71‐mM CaCl 2 , 0.41‐mM MgCl 2 , 1.25‐mM glucose and 0.15% BSA) at 1 μL/min and stabilized for 2 h. Samples were then collected every 20 min for 2 h, pooled into a preservative solution (PBS, 0.5% Tween‐20, 2 × Halt Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail, ThermoScientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and analysed by ELISA (#MBS2516345, MyBioSource, CA, USA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Blocking Assay, Retrograde Tracing, Injection, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Psychiatry

Article Title: Inhibitory and excitatory conditioned cues associated with alcohol differentially modulate the nucleus accumbens shell: involvement of 5-HT 7 receptors

doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1634350

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Experimental timeline for microdialysis (created with BioRender.com ). (B) Representative placements of microdialysis probes and microinjections in the AcbSh or AcbC experiments 3–6. The gray squares represent sites in AcbSh, and the black circles represent sites within AcbC. (C) Mean (± SEM) change in extracellular DA levels (nM) as % of baseline in the AcbSh and (D) mean (± SEM) change in extracellular DA levels (nM) as % of baseline in the AcbC in P rats exposed to conditioned cues (CS 0 , CS+, and CS−) in a non-drug-paired environment for 24 min. (E) Mean (± SEM) change in extracellular DA levels (nM) as % of baseline in the AcbSh in P rats exposed to “ mock ” conditioned cues (CS 0 , CS+, and CS−) in a non-drug-paired environment for 24 min. The rats were never exposed to alcohol, and conditioned cues were all paired with water in the operant chamber. The rats experienced the identical experimental protocol depicted in image 1 but with no alcohol. ^indicates that the DA levels in the AcbSh are elevated in the rats exposed to the CS+ compared to all other groups and baseline levels. + indicates that the DA levels in the AcbSh are lower in the rats exposed to the CS− compared to all other groups and baseline levels. Base, baseline prior to exposure of odor; Odor, the effects of CS odors; P-odor, effects after the removal of the odor.

Article Snippet: On the final recovery day, loop style microdialysis probes (active length 2.0 mm, Spectra/Por RC, inner diameter 200 μm, molecular weight cutoff: 13,000; Spectrum Laboratories Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA) were inserted into the AcbSh or AcbC following handling/habituation.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Microbiology

Article Title: Reverse microdialysis of sucrose stimulates soil fungal and bacterial growth at the microscale

doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-04082-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Scanning electron microscopy images of the microdialysis probes from the A ) control treatment no litter, B ) control treatment with litter C ) sucrose treatment no litter and D ) sucrose treatment with litter. Magnification 500x, the diameter of the probes is 0.5 mm. Image formatting by DC SciArt

Article Snippet: One microdialysis probe (30 mm x 0.5 mm, surface area 0.4732 cm 2 ) with a 20 kDa molecular weight cut-off, (CMA 20; CMA Microdialysis AB, Solna, Sweden) composed of polyarylethersulphone (PAES) was inserted into the soil in each of the tubes after carefully making a hole in the soil with a guiding needle.

Techniques: Electron Microscopy, Control

Journal: BMC Microbiology

Article Title: Reverse microdialysis of sucrose stimulates soil fungal and bacterial growth at the microscale

doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-04082-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: PCoA plot of A ) OTUs on fungal composition on the microdialysis membranes and B ) ASVs on bacterial composition. For the treatments control and sucrose with and without litter application. N = 3–5

Article Snippet: One microdialysis probe (30 mm x 0.5 mm, surface area 0.4732 cm 2 ) with a 20 kDa molecular weight cut-off, (CMA 20; CMA Microdialysis AB, Solna, Sweden) composed of polyarylethersulphone (PAES) was inserted into the soil in each of the tubes after carefully making a hole in the soil with a guiding needle.

Techniques: Control